{"id":1188,"date":"2025-07-15T13:40:41","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T08:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarungaur.in\/mediacenter\/?p=1188"},"modified":"2026-02-07T17:37:23","modified_gmt":"2026-02-07T12:07:23","slug":"pankaj-bansal-judgment-pmla-arrest-ed-grounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarungaur.in\/mediacenter\/pankaj-bansal-judgment-pmla-arrest-ed-grounds\/","title":{"rendered":"Pankaj Bansal Judgment: A Lone Breather for the Accused Under PMLA?"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Advocate Tarun Gaur<\/strong><\/h2>\n

(Criminal Law & White Collar Crime Expert | Delhi High Court)<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/h3>\n

When it comes to the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)<\/strong>, let\u2019s face it\u2014the law has steadily evolved into one of the most coercive legal instruments in India<\/strong>. Whether it is bail provisions, attachment of assets, prolonged investigations, or the reversal of burden of proof<\/strong>, the PMLA machinery has left the ordinary citizen gasping for procedural fairness.<\/p>\n

At almost every step, both legislative policy and judicial interpretations have made the law harsher<\/strong>, often at the cost of fundamental rights. For years, critics (myself included) have pointed out how PMLA has become a tool of investigative oppression rather than just a financial crime regulator<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

But in this dark maze, the Supreme Court’s judgment in Pankaj Bansal v. Directorate of Enforcement<\/strong> has emerged as a rare, favorable step for the accused<\/strong>. It is perhaps the first significant judicial intervention in recent times to restore some balance<\/strong> between enforcement powers and personal liberty.<\/p>\n

\n

What Did the Pankaj Bansal Judgment Say?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In Pankaj Bansal v. ED (2023)<\/strong>, the **Supreme Court held that Enforcement Directorate officials must furnish the grounds of arrest to the accused in writing<\/strong> under Section 19 of the PMLA<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

This means:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    It is not enough for the ED to merely orally tell you why you\u2019re being arrested<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    A written disclosure of reasons must be given to the accused at the time of arrest<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Failure to do so will make the arrest illegal and liable to be quashed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    The Court explicitly connected this requirement to the constitutional right to personal liberty under Article 21<\/strong>, reaffirming that due process cannot be sacrificed even in economic offences<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Why Is This Judgment So Important?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Let\u2019s be honest:
    PMLA has been systematically weaponized over time<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Some critical aspects of this “draconian” design:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      Stringent Bail (Section 45 PMLA)<\/strong>: Near impossible to secure bail due to the twin conditions of “no prima facie case” and “not likely to commit another offence.”<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Attachment of Property<\/strong>: Before trial, before evidence, even before filing of a chargesheet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Presumption of Guilt<\/strong>: The accused has to prove innocence\u2014completely against traditional criminal jurisprudence.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Unfettered ED Powers<\/strong>: With little judicial oversight in the arrest and seizure process.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      In such an environment, the Pankaj Bansal judgment acts like the first breath of procedural fairness<\/strong> in years. It acknowledges that \u201cenforcement of economic offences cannot come at the cost of fundamental freedoms.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n

      Legal Reasoning: A Step Towards Rule of Law<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      The judgment draws strength from the constitutional mandate of Article 21<\/strong>\u2014the Right to Life and Personal Liberty<\/strong>. The Supreme Court reasoned<\/strong> that:<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u201cAn arrested person must know, in writing, the precise reasons for his arrest to enable effective legal recourse.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      This is consistent with the global principle of \u201cAudi Alteram Partem\u201d (hear the other side)<\/strong>. How can an accused prepare for defense or seek bail if he doesn’t even know why he\u2019s been arrested?<\/p>\n

      Additionally, this ruling aligns with:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        Article 22 of the Constitution<\/strong> (protection against arbitrary arrest),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        DK Basu Guidelines<\/strong> (arrest procedure safeguards), and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        International Human Rights norms<\/strong> under Article 9 of the ICCPR<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n

        But Here\u2019s the Catch: The Retrospectivity Mess<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Despite this judgment, the courts have created confusion about whether the Pankaj Bansal ruling applies to cases before October 3, 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        Some High Courts (like Punjab & Haryana) have said \u201cNo retrospective benefit\u201d<\/strong>.
        But the Supreme Court itself has raised serious doubts about this stance<\/strong>, especially since Pankaj Bansal\u2019s own arrest was quashed on similar grounds<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        This legal contradiction needs urgent clarification.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n

        My Take: One Small Relief in a Sea of Oppression<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        As someone who routinely deals with white-collar criminal litigation, I can say this with conviction:<\/p>\n

        \n

        The Pankaj Bansal ruling is perhaps the only recent judicial step that favors the accused under PMLA.<\/strong>
        Otherwise, both the legislature and judiciary have left no stone unturned to ensure that the law abridges one\u2019s liberty at every possible stage.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

        From ED summons to bail denials, asset seizures to extended custody<\/strong>, the system is designed to punish you before trial.<\/p>\n

        This judgment, however limited in scope, is a small yet significant reaffirmation of constitutional principles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n

        Final Thoughts: Liberty Must Not Be a Casualty<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Let us not forget the first principles of justice:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          The State\u2019s might must not bulldoze individual rights without procedural fairness.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Economic crime control cannot justify turning India into a police state.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          The Pankaj Bansal judgment rekindles the hope that the judiciary still recognizes this balance.<\/strong>
          It may be just one favorable step<\/strong>, but in today\u2019s PMLA regime, even one such step matters.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n

          About the Author<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          Advocate Tarun Gaur<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            Best Advocate in Dwarka<\/strong> for White Collar Crimes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Arbitration Lawyer in Dwarka | Criminal Litigation Expert | Delhi High Court<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            By Advocate Tarun Gaur (Criminal Law & White Collar Crime Expert | Delhi High Court) Introduction When it comes to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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